Sufi Shrines and Built Environments in Visual Culture: The Significance of Historical Resonances in Present-Day Flows

“Nagaur Sharif” poster, c. 1910s. Sandria Freitag Collection.

“Nagaur Sharif” poster, c. 1910s. Sandria Freitag Collection.

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Postcard of 'Ajmere Sharif', Priya Paul Collection.

Postcard of 'Ajmere Sharif', Priya Paul Collection.

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Textile label (late 19th/early 20th c) a mosque, positioned like the Taj, Priya Paul Collection. Size 15 cm x 12 cm.

Textile label (late 19th/early 20th c) a mosque, positioned like the Taj, Priya Paul Collection. Size 15 cm x 12 cm.

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Medina, poster by Hem Chandra Bhargava company (c. 1910s-1920s).

Medina, poster by Hem Chandra Bhargava company (c. 1910s-1920s).

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'Karbala Moula' [Husain's tomb] Oleograph c. 1920.
											From Neumayer & Schelberger, Popular Indian Art: Raja Ravi Varma and the Printed Gods of India
											(Delhi: Oxford Univ Press, 2003), plate 167, with permission.

“Karbala Moula” [Husain’s tomb] Oleograph c. 1920. From Neumayer & Schelberger, Popular Indian Art: Raja Ravi Varma and the Printed Gods of India (Delhi: Oxford Univ Press, 2003), plate 167, with permission.

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Mecca, oleograph c. 1910s/20s, Ravi Varma Press. Sandria Freitag collection.

Mecca, oleograph c. 1910s/20s, Ravi Varma Press. Sandria Freitag collection.

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Dada Ganj Baksh and his recently expanded shrine. Collected in Pakistan 2007, from a wholesaler in Lahore who specialized in religious posters.

Dada Ganj Baksh and his recently expanded shrine. Collected in Pakistan 2007, from a wholesaler in Lahore who specialized in religious posters.

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Six sufi saints and their shrines. Poster included in Brijbasi's 1996 catalogue of 'Islamic Pictures.' NOTE: Brijbasi produced two catalogues that year; the other was called General posters

Six sufi saints and their shrines. Poster included in Brijbasi’s 1996 catalogue of “Islamic Pictures.” NOTE: Brijbasi produced two catalogues that year; the other was called “General” posters.

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Photograph of Paradise Studio in Barabanki, selling framed images of Waris Ali Shah and his tomb. Image 1 in Tasveer Ghar Image Essay, 'Outside the Imambara: The circulation of devotional images in greater Lucknow', http://tasveerghar.net/cmsdesk/essay/76/

Photograph of Paradise Studio in Barabanki, selling framed images of Waris Ali Shah and his tomb. Image 1 in Tasveer Ghar Image Essay, “Outside the Imambara: The circulation of devotional images in greater Lucknow”, http://tasveerghar.net/cmsdesk/essay/76/

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Hazrat Waris Ali Shah and his shrine at Deva Sharif, Figure 8 in “Outside the Imambara”, ibid.

Hazrat Waris Ali Shah and his shrine at Deva Sharif, Figure 8 in “Outside the Imambara”, ibid.

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Waris Ali Shah image, Figure 9 in “Outside the Imambara”, ibid. Authors note that the Shahada inscription on the top “is in the distinctive style of Brijbasi publishers.”

Waris Ali Shah image, Figure 9 in “Outside the Imambara”, ibid. Authors note that the Shahada inscription on the top “is in the distinctive style of Brijbasi publishers.”

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The “4 in 1” poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

The “4 in 1” poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

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Buraq poster, c. 1910s/1920s, from the Priya Paul Collection.

Buraq poster, c. 1910s/1920s, from the Priya Paul Collection.

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“Burk-e-Albani”[Buraq al Nabi or night journey, from the Qur’an’s Isra, Sure xvii] c. 1920s, poster by Ravi Varma Press. Plate 163 from From Neumayer & Schelberger, Op Cit. N & S note that “Al-Buraq, a mythical being who is supposed to have served many prophets and is bestowed with the most fantastic of attributes: a human face, a horse’s mane, a camel’s legs and hoofs, a cow’s body, ruby red breasts, and the wings of an angel.” The “cow’s body” contributes to the debate around the buraq’s similarity to the kamadhenu.

“Burk-e-Albani”[Buraq al Nabi or night journey, from the Qur’an’s Isra, Sure xvii] c. 1920s, poster by Ravi Varma Press. Plate 163 from From Neumayer & Schelberger, Op Cit. N & S note that “Al-Buraq, a mythical being who is supposed to have served many prophets and is bestowed with the most fantastic of attributes: a human face, a horse’s mane, a camel’s legs and hoofs, a cow’s body, ruby red breasts, and the wings of an angel.” The “cow’s body” contributes to the debate around the buraq’s similarity to the kamadhenu.

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“Burraq un Nabi” poster c. 1920s/1930s from the Priya Paul Collection.

“Burraq un Nabi” poster c. 1920s/1930s from the Priya Paul Collection.

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Buraq an-Nabi, poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

Buraq an-Nabi, poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

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Buraq poster purchased near Nizamuddin, c. 2003. J.B. Khanna.

Buraq poster purchased near Nizamuddin, c. 2003. J.B. Khanna.

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“Duldul”, chromolithograph c. 1920. Ravi Varma Press. Plate 165 from Neumayer & Schelberger, Op Cit.

“Duldul”, chromolithograph c. 1920. Ravi Varma Press. Plate 165 from Neumayer & Schelberger, Op Cit.

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This is what I call the ‘Royal’ Duldul, poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

This is what I call the ‘Royal’ Duldul, poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

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This is what I call the ‘Martyred’ Duldul, poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

This is what I call the ‘Martyred’ Duldul, poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

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A poster of Buraq-Duldul, purchased in 2007 in Lahore wholesaler’s shop specialising in religious posters.

A poster of Buraq-Duldul, purchased in 2007 in Lahore wholesaler’s shop specialising in religious posters.

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Poster of Imam Husain with Zuljana, purchased in 2007 in Lahore wholesaler’s shop specialising in religious posters.

Poster of Imam Husain with Zuljana, purchased in 2007 in Lahore wholesaler’s shop specialising in religious posters.

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“9 in 1” poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

“9 in 1” poster included in 1996 Brijbasi catalogue of “Islamic” posters.

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